Greeting Sherlock Holmes

December 25, 2009 by ejdissectingroom

Christmas Day, 2009. The latest film featuring the Great Detective has just opened. I have not yet seen it, but I have seen reviews, some appreciative, some scathing. Sherlockians are busily commenting and many are apprehensive. This is understandable. Most  lovers of the Canon hold a firm mental picture of Mr. Holmes and his good friend Dr. Watson. Film makers, pastiche  constructors  and others  who conjure  images  that oppose ours  can seem ill-mannered intruders. (I, for instance, have been convinced for many years that Sherlock Holmes bears a striking resemblance to Mr. Weinstein, my Junior High School English teacher. Mr. Weinstein, I assure you,  looked nothing like Robert Downey Jr.)

And while I’ve a particular interest in Mr. Holmes  scientific endeavors ,  I  understand the new film neglects  these in favor bare-knuckled fighting and general mayhem. So it will be a view of Sherlock Holmes that is new to me. It may be disconcerting, but it is not necessarily a bad thing. Maybe it will attract a new audience for the Consulting Detective—an audience that may  eventually actually read the Canon, and may develop a curiosity about that grim dissecting room . . . and maybe even read a book dear to my heart, The Science of Sherlock Holmes. With hope for the film and for the New Year . . . EJ

for a festive touch

History, Homicide, and the Healing Hand

November 27, 2009 by ejdissectingroom

by E. J. Wagner

A version of this article appeared in a 2004 supplement of The Lancet

When a doctor does go wrong he is the first of criminals. He has nerve and he has knowledge.”—Sherlock Holmes, in “The Adventure of the Speckled Band”

Even a casual stroll through history in search of doctors enmeshed in criminous events is richly rewarded. Early anatomists, like Vesalius, found it necessary to illegally retrieve subjects of their specialties from public gibbets.

The need for anatomical specimens in the 18th century led to a brisk business in stolen cadavers, and to stirring events like the notorious Doctors’ Mob in New York City in 1778. This was not a gathering of inflamed physicians, but a group of terrified medical practitioners driven into hiding from hostile, rampaging citizens. Read the rest of this entry »

The Love Pirate and the Bandit’s Son

October 28, 2009 by ejdissectingroom

Laura James is an attorney, crime historian, and the proprietor of Clews, a well-regarded blog on true crime and its history.  Her book, The Love Pirate and the Bandit’s Son, published this year by Union Square Press, is an impeccably researched and engagingly written account of the intertwined lives of Zeo Zoe Wilkins and the son of Jesse James.
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According to the dust jacket of the book, “she was Zeo Zoe Wilkins, a beautiful, ruthless woman whose rise and fall in love and larceny scandalized the nation.  He was Jesse James Jr., the twisted son of America’s most legendary outlaw. . . . On the night of March 15, 1924, Zeo Zoe Wilkins was brutally murdered . . . The murder was never officially solved. ”

In the interview, below, my questions are in bold, Laura James’ answers are in plain text.

How and when did you first hear of the case?

A tattered 1950s-era Harlequin true crime paperback had a chapter on Zeo Wilkins titled, “Vampire of Kansas City.” The book was The World’s Worst Women by Bernard O’Donnell. Zeo Zoe was the only American in the book.

How did you go about your very thorough research? And how long did the entire project take you?

Eight years of research, all told. I just dug until I couldn’t think of anything else to find or anywhere else to look.

As you wrote, did you develop any sympathy at all for Zeo Zoe? Do you think she was a sociopath from birth?

Yes I agree she was a psychopath (sociopath), from early childhood. What makes psychopaths so interesting is that they have no qualms whatsoever about violating society’s rules (or causing real damage to others). They enjoy a bizarre sort of freedom to do as they please, though some, like Dr. Zeo Wilkins, end up crossing the line into criminality. To be honest it was hard not to envy some of her character traits, like sheer pluck, but the reality check is that she was a classic psychopath.

The phrase “nymphomania” has been attached to her behavior by critics. Do you agree? or is a double standard at work, in which women with extensive erotic lives are “nymphomaniacs” and men with similar interests are simply virile?

Eight to ten known lovers in less than two years qualifies you for nymphomaniac, at least in the American Midwest, dear!

Zeo Zoe could have succeeded at a more conventional line of work, given her intelligence. Was the money the prize for her—or was it the attraction of being really bad?

Osteopathy was a tool for manipulating, dominating, and controlling her friends, family, lovers, and husbands into feeding her material appetites, but she went beyond that pretty often. She destroyed many of those men in the process and harmed many more. That’s what happens when unbridled greed marries wild opportunities.

I believe this is your first book. As a new author, do you find internet shops such as Amazon a help?

Not at all; since my book was published by a Barnes & Noble affiliate, I wasn’t expecting any though.

Do you read your reviews?

Sure. I skimmed the bad one.

Clews, your excellent blog on historic crime, must take a great deal of time. You are also a mother and a lawyer. How do you manage to organize it all?

20 minutes a day times five years gets you somewhere I guess.

In which branch of law do you specialize?

Insurance defense / insurance coverage (civil)

Do you find book signings and similar events energizing or draining? What is the comment from the public you liked best? The funniest?

I gave a speech at the Kansas City Public Library that was a hoot. I didn’t know whether anyone in the audience wanted to hear me talk about the most famous American gold diggers of all time, their mysterious deaths, or true crime in general, but I was determined to have a great time, and I did.

The study of true crime is often denigrated by the misguided. Would you give your views on this matter?

Those who denigrate the true crime genre usually have a very narrow definition of it. Bookstores and libraries are two places to find very narrow definitions of “true crime.”

The Cart Before The Horse: Willingham Case

October 27, 2009 by ejdissectingroom

United States legal tradition requires establishing that a crime has actually been committed before executing someone for it.  Things may be different in Texas, where this seems to be considered a quaint nicety.

Cameron Todd Willingham was executed in that state in 2004 for an arson murder. Leading fire investigators believe that arson  was not proved and that the cause of the fire was not determined.

The governor of Texas, who removed key members of the  Forensic Science Commission just before they considered the experts’ report, seems to be doing his best to prevent a complete investigation.

Both sides of the death penalty debate have weighed in, often citing irrelevant issues. Hearsay is stated as fact, innuendo and rumor abounds.

The crucial issue is:

If the guilty verdict and subsequent execution were based on junk science, the citizens of Texas have been poorly served. Further, they continue to be in danger of being accused, convicted, and executed on evidence reminiscent of the Salem Witchcraft Trials.

I didn’t care for Mr. Willingham’s tatoos, but they did not constitute a capitol offense.

EJ Wagner, as always, Pursuing  Verity . . .

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Arthur Conan Doyle’s Birthday, and Black Dogs

October 26, 2009 by ejdissectingroom

An Appreciation

One hundred and fifty years ago, Sir Arthur Conan Doyle, creator of the most loved and best known detective figure of all time, was born in a suburb of Edinburgh Scotland. In excited celebration of this event, gatherings of all kinds—dinners, symposiums, exhibitions, re-enactments and entertainments—have taken place throughout 2009. In the UK, Conan Doyle’s innovative science fiction novel The Lost World has been part of the 2009 Great Reading Adventure, sponsored by Bristol Cultural Development Partnership. Special editions have been published, including a children’s version. Everyone in the UK was urged to read Conan Doyle in 2009.

Last July, the University of Hull, in Britain, sponsored a conference on Doyle and Holmes. In India, a film featuring the character of Holmes is being shot—the role played by a British diplomat. In the US, Harvard’s Houghton Library hosted a symposium to honor the author, coinciding with the opening of a major exhibition at Houghton: “Ever Westward: Sir Arthur Conan Doyle in American Culture.”

In Scotland, the ancient and dying sycamore tree under which Conan Doyle played as a child was chosen for a special honor. Its wood was used to make a violin styled after the one played by Sherlock Holmes, and the tree’s stump carved into a Holmes memorial.

It is true that in the course of writing fifty-six stories and four novels about the Great Detective, Conan Doyle developed a weary resentment towards his obsessively observant hero, referring to him at one point as “a monstrous growth.”  But the public was enamored, and Conan Doyle’s effort to annihilate Holmes by fictionally flinging him and his nemesis, the arch-criminal Moriarty, to their deaths at Reichenbach Falls, met with such resistance that the author resurrected the pair. Conan Doyle, the physician turned author, is eternally caught in the web of his own magic.

Although numerous works on a variety of subjects flowed from his pen—science fiction, travel, memoir, passionate spiritualism—Sherlock Holmes is the figure on which Conan Doyle’s enduring fame overwhelmingly rests. The author’s ability to weave together folklore and science, logic and superstition—to distract the reader for instance, in The Hound of the Baskervilles with a haunting tale of a ghostly Black Dog while leading to a believable realistic ending—set the standard for great mystery writing.

The acerbic, logical Holmes, his affable companion, Watson, and the rooms in Baker Street, form an indelible part of our culture. From school kids reading the tales late at night when they are supposed to be asleep, to mature Sherlockians revisiting the adventures for the hundredth time, we all treasure the literary hearth ACD bequeathed us.

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Dr. Watson - registered as Wagners' The Game's Afoot - photo by W.R.Wagner

Note: Most likely it was Conan Doyle’s Hound of the Baskervilles that started my long fascination with black dogs. In some folk traditions they are considered to bring good fortune, in others they are believed to be harbingers of disaster and death. I avidly collect these tales. (For more about mythical Black Dogs, such as Old Shuck and the Galleytrot, as well as the 1945 Black Dog Murder in Lower Quinton, see chapter 2 of The Science of Sherlock Holmes.)  My family and I happily share our lives with black dogs, our current Resident Labrador Retriever being ”Dr. Watson.”  But years before he arrived, there were others. . . .

When Life Begins – or – Midlife Puppy

October 26, 2009 by ejdissectingroom

A version of this article was first printed in the New York Times, in 1989 (without photographs).

On a bitter February night, my husband Bill and I came home from our veterinarian’s office, wet-eyed, holding an empty red dog collar and lead. Dickens, our big male Labrador, met us at the door and nuzzled us inquiringly. There was no way to tell him that his beloved companion, Bonnie, would never come home again.

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Bonnie - photo by E. J. Wagner

We had lived under Bonnie’s benign despotism for most of her sixteen years. She had roused us when our children were ill in the night.  She had guarded their play. Her stentorian bark warned us of strangers, and welcomed our friends. She and I had grown our first grey hairs together. Our family was bereaved.

Friends proffered comfort. Bernie dropped by with prune Danish and advice. He reminded us that in her last years, Bonnie’s needs had been considerable, and boarding her unthinkable. Dickens, easy-going, and in the prime of life, presented no such problem. This would be an ideal time for us to make the trip to London that we had always talked about. After all, our two daughters were grown and didn’t need us—Sonia working in the city, and Dahlia away at college. Bernie strongly recommended a trip. Then he told us a joke—about three clergymen who discuss the question of when life begins. The first claims it’s at conception, the second opts for the quickening, but the third insists “Life begins when the children leave home and the dog dies. . . .”

A neighbor told us she knew just how we felt—her own little dog having “passed away” ten years before. She would never go through that again. That sort of emotional tie was for young people. She lent us some travel folders, and shared a joke with us. It seems there were three women arguing about when life begins. . . .

We put away Bonnie’s food dish, placed our favorite photo of her grizzled, Labrador face up on the mantel. We read travel articles and talked about London. Dickens watched us. His appetite, like ours, was slight. He sighed heavily and often. Three white hairs appeared among the midnight black of his fur. Disconsolate, he roamed through the house and around the garden, peering behind trees and under the bushes that marked Bonnie’s favorite places. Sometimes he whimpered as he searched, our canine Orpheus, desperately seeking, in the chill Long Island spring, his dear lost Eurydice.

In May, we decided to face the problem and deal with it like mature, sensible people. We requisitioned our daughters’ company and drove to an address in the North Fork. When we returned, the girls held between them an eight-week-old female Labrador puppy—thirteen pounds of warm black velvet wrapped around a feisty spirit, edged with a petunia-pink tongue and white, needle-sharp teeth. She was redolent of that wonderful new-puppy aroma, somewhere between roasted nuts and new-cut hay. We named her Poppins.

We put her to bed in a puppy-crate in Bonnie’s old spot in the kitchen, and took Dickens upstairs with us.

At three that morning I was aroused by an unearthly cry—a keening—a shrieking—a howling—that chilled the blood and nearly stopped the heart. “WHAT IS IT? WHAT IS IT?” I yelled.

“It’s Poppins—she needs us . . . ,” cried my husband, valiantly leaping out of bed and struggling into a bathrobe.

“But why does it sound like she’s right in the room with us?”

“Because,” he replied in a tone of smug self-congratulation, “I thought to turn on the intercom,” and then he was racing down the stairs, Dickens at his heels.

The intercom! That instrument of torture, that I had blissfully forgotten in the years since my children were small. I felt for it behind the bedroom mirror, noticed that it was turned to “high,” switched it off, and went downstairs.

The kitchen was empty except for Dickens. Through the sliding glass doors, I could see that it was storming savagely. Lightning cracked the sky, trees writhed in the wind. Dickens and I peered out into the darkness. It was a long time before Bill appeared, like Neptune from the depths. Water streamed from his hair, flowed from his beard. His robe was sodden, his sneakered feet squelched mud. He held a red leash in his hand. At the end of it sat our tiny Baskerville Hound, looking up at him with an expression of ecstatic adoration. “She did everything,” Bill announced, flushed with success. “Everything, right where I asked her to.”

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Dickens meets Poppins - photo by E. J. Wagner

Clearly Poppins was a quick study. Clearly we were going to lose a lot of sleep. We learned to rise at four and eat breakfast at five, kicking a tennis ball back and forth as we chewed to keep the puppy occupied. When I was busy writing, it was Dickens’ turn to distract her—which he did with amazing gentleness and tolerance. He would hold out his favorite rubber ring, allow her to grasp a side, and then engage her in a benign tug of war, pulling just hard enough to give her a game, but never lifting her off her feet, as he could easily have done. He always let her win. They chased each other up and down the stairs, through the living room, around the garden. Often Bill and I ran with them, ducking to avoid low branches, leaping over logs. When the dogs grew tired, they curled up together on Bonnie’s old bed and sang to each other—their voices rising and falling in an engagingly dissonant, haunting duet for bass and soprano Labrador.

On weekends Bill taught Poppins to swim. Afraid of the pool at first, she paddled frantically with her front paws, and needed Bill to support her rear end—but she caught on quickly and soon was swimming laps, using her tiny tail to steer. She glided like an otter—like a sleek black seal—an Esther Williams in fur. I waded into the pool and took pictures. Our social life was limited to the good company of people who liked to swim with dogs.

Poppins learned to come when called (mostly), to sit, lie down, and retrieve objects when requested—often when not requested. Unexpected items removed from her mouth included a twenty-dollar bill, a four-foot tree branch, part of the dining room rug, half of a garden slug, and a mercifully comatose earwig.

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Dickens and Poppins - photo by E. J. Wagner

Our puppy sleeps until six now. She is half grown and weighs fifty-two pounds. Bill and Dickens and I are a lot slimmer than we were before she arrived, and much more supple. We may be tired and a bit grey, but there’s a spring to our step.

It will be full autumn soon, and the leaves will color and fall in great drifts, and Dickens will teach his young friend what exhilarating fun it is to burrow through them.

When winter comes, we’ll throw snowballs (Labradors love snowballs), and then we’ll sit before a fire, and Bill and I will sip hot spiced cider, and admire the two gleaming black dogs at our feet, and scratch their ears. And perhaps we’ll talk a bit about going to London.

Burned in Texas!

October 4, 2009 by ejdissectingroom

Serious questions have been repeatedly raised as to the accuracy of prosecution evidence in arson cases.  Cameron Todd Willingham, convicted of murder by arson, was executed in 2004 by the state of Texas, although the scientific testimony in his case was considered grossly unreliable by a number of scientists. The Willingham case, and the very weighty matter of whether an innocent man had been killed, was under investigation by a government commission in Texas until Oct 1, 2009, when the governor slithered away from the matter by replacing key members of the commission.

Dr. Gerald L. Hurst, a renowned fire investigator with impeccable scientific credentials, had looked into the Willingham case pro bono, as detailed extensively in a September 7, 2009 New Yorker article.  I’d helped research similar cases with Dr. Hurst in the past and on the strength of that I asked him to comment on this matter for Dissecting Room. He kindly obliged.  My questions, below, are in bold.  Dr. Hurst’s answers are in plain type.  My insertions are contained in square brackets.

How does a community provide itself with properly trained arson investigators?

Most of them don’t. Larger cities may use specially trained police, firemen or fire marshals. These investigators typically spend 40 – 150 hours in training, followed by a period in which they accompany an experienced fire investigator for a variable apprenticeship period. Smaller communities will call other agencies such as the State Fire Marshals office for help with problematic fires.

Is there a codified science or method for arson investigation?

There is now. In 1992, the first edition of NFPA 921 A Guide to Fire and Explosion Investigation made its debut. This book, now in it’s 6th edition, is compiled by a committee of about 30 individuals from various segments of government, insurance industry and law. It stresses the use of the scientific method in fire investigation.

Does Daubert apply to fire investigation?

In theory it does now. Daubert and NFPA 921 appeared at about the same time (1992). Both were soundly opposed by the largest professional organization in the field, the International Association of Arson Investigators (IAAI). This opposition continued until about 1999, when the IAAI filed an amicus brief in the federal court in which they argued that fire investigation was an art, not a science and therefore not subject to Daubert. They lost. Since then, they have steadily if reluctantly paid more and more lip service to both [NFPA] 921 and Daubert. Unfortunately, the change in attitude at the top of the organization has remained unshared by many autonomous state chapters of the association. Daubert is also frequently given short shrift by judges who do not understand the intent of the law. Daubert is a federal law based on the federal rules of evidence. Some states have adopted Daubert and some have not.

[ In 1993, the U.S. Supreme Court handed down the seminal decision of Daubert v. Merrell Dow Pharmaceuticals.  The case involved the admissibility of novel Scientific Evidence.  In Daubert, the Court stated that evidence based on innovative or unusual scientific knowledge may be admitted only after it has been established that the evidence is reliable and scientifically valid. The Court also imposed a gatekeeping function on trial judges by charging them with preventing "junk science" from entering the courtroom as evidence. To that end, Daubert outlined four considerations: testing, peer review, error rates, and acceptability in the relevant scientific community. These four tests for reliability are known as the Daubert factors or the Daubert test. - E. J. ]

What educational qualifications and experience do arson investigators have?

95% of arson investigators have no post-secondary education. Those who have some college mostly wasted it on criminal justice as opposed to the technical subjects which are required in all other forensic sciences in order to be considered for a job. FIs [Fire investigators] are most often ex-policemen, ex-military or ex-firefighters. This is obviously a troublesome situation. The conventional answer to the problem is “more training.” But this often means setting the level of such training at a point where everybody can pass.

Is there a credible organization that certifies arson investigators?

There are two national accrediting organizations. The IAAI is the largest and oldest. The National Association of Fire Investigators (NAFI) offers similar accreditation. The various states may offer their own certification for their government employees. The private and public certifying groups are about as credible as is possible, given the demographics of their membership. I suppose that is another way of saying “No.” The Federal investigators [in the Bureau of Tobacco, Firearms, and Explosives] (ATF) probably get better training on average. However, unlike the FBI (who don’t do fires), the ATF is often overly eager to cooperate with local investigators. This blue-wall relationship can lead to their support of cases which would better benefit from Devil’s advocacy.

Do any municipal governments (including crime labs) employ individuals qualified to perform arson investigation?

Police departments, sheriffs departments, state police, fire departments, fire marshals offices and the military frequently have resident FIs. Who is in charge of investigation varies widely from area to area. Crime labs do not usually have any fire investigators. On occasion, their techs may visit a fire scene looking for finger prints or DNA, but mostly not. The biggest role of crime labs in arson cases is fire debris analysis for ignitable liquids, autopsies and toxicology. I have a case now which involves tool marks and trace evidence, but the evidence was carried to them by the FI.

Who employs most individuals who perform arson investigations?

Insurance companies and law enforcement agencies. FIs in fire departments often have police powers. Many small volunteer fire departments have a “fire marshal” or “fire investigator” who does preliminary investigations, but these people are often relatively untrained. Insurance companies usually hire FIs from “independent” civilian organizations in order to put a barrier between themselves and lawsuits. An FI may get most of his business from one insurance company if his work improves their bottom line.

This arrangement can lead to excess findings of arson or a tendency to blame the fire on a product of a well-heeled manufacturer. The states all have fire marshals offices with numerous agents who investigate fires the locals can’t handle. Most fatal or large loss fire investigations will involve one or more state fire marshals. If it’s a high-profile case, expect the ATF to be there too.

How does a private citizen find a competent arson investigator?

They mostly don’t. If they have a good-looking lawsuit for millions, the lawyer will drum up what he thinks is a good expert or at least one who is good at winning cases. An individual faced with criminal charges will probably have a tough time finding any local expert to help. The best chance is usually to hire an expert from a thousand miles away, so that he has no connections with local law enforcement. I believe the best way to find a good expert is to ask other experts. They may not be willing to help directly but there is no penalty for pointing a defendant in the right direction.

The expert-from-far-away will become a thing of the past if the insurance companies get their way. Their lobbying has led to a bevy of state laws requiring testifying fire experts to have a state private investigator’s license. This means you may not be able to hire a Harvard professor unless he has a local gum-shoe license in Texas.  In Texas, the PI law applies to everyone but insurance companies..

What is your opinion on the current status of the Willingham case?

Willingham is a political hot potato. In 2005 Barry Scheck and I gave a pitch to a Texas State Senate committee on the need to set up a local innocence project. The primary thrust of our argument was based on two of my cases, Willingham and Willis – a pair of amazingly similar bogus convictions with two totally different outcomes: Willingham executed and Willis freed. Subsequently, the Texas Commission on Forensic Science was established under the Governor Perry’s Office. Once they got their funding, they began to reinvestigate Willingham and Willis by hiring a top expert (from a thousand miles away), Dr. Craig Beyler. The good Doctor did not pull his punches. Governor Perry was the man who signed off on the Willingham execution shortly after the proof of unjust conviction and highly probable innocence had hit his desk. This situation was a bit of a political pickle.

We fully expected the Governor to try to quash the investigation to save face, but we anticipated something a little more subtle than the axing three of the committee members a day before the scheduled presentation by Beyler — followed by the appointment of a tough-on-crime prosecutor and personal buddy as the new head of the commission. The new boss’ first action was to cancel the presentation by Beyler. There will be joy in the Texas State Fire Marshals Office – at least for a while.

Governor Perry must have slept through Watergate. I’m hoping to obtain rights to the comic opera version of the story.

[ I am grateful to Dr. Hurst for his candor.   - E. J. Wagner, as always, pursuing verity. ]

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Dear Author

September 29, 2009 by ejdissectingroom

Publishing a book brings a writer invitations to speak. These occasions can be great fun—but often one runs into something like this.

Dear Author,

We at the International Footnote Society are thrilled that you have agreed to address our 900th annual meeting and to sign copies of your book Homicide, Hiccups and Humidor.

In order to insure that your presentation has the success it deserves, we need the following information:

Visual Aids

Please indicate if you intend to use slides, Power Point, video, or ventilator.
Please be aware that any laptop you bring must be between 40 and 60 inches long, may not have more than 20 fungibytes, and may be confiscated.
If flash drive is used, it must be compatible with our operating system (Robozoomer 22.8) .

Check which you require:
__Microphone.
__Bullhorn
__Podium
__Little box to stand on.
__Larger box

Travel arrangements – Indicate your preferences

Preferred flight time in order of preference
__4:40 AM,
__5:14 AM

Flight seating preference
__Interior
__Exterior

Choice of food on flight
__Water
__Other

(Please note: to avoid possible misunderstandings, we ask our speakers not to utilize the airport men’s room.)

Hotel accommodations

Check one:
__Bed
__Chair

In the event you must share living accommodations, which of the following do you find most tolerable in a roommate? Please rate according to preference:
__Funny sleep noises
__Digestive issues
__Mild paranoia
__Hairiness.

Meals

We are pleased to cover your meals for the twenty-four hour period you will be with us. A Burger King is just a quick stroll from your hotel, right next to the Taco Bell.  The porter will direct you. He may be found in the basement next to the ice machine. Unfortunately, there is no room service, but water and Hot Pockets are available from 10 to 12 PM in the lobby.

Travel expenses
We will reserve hotel and plane, but ask you to arrange travel to the airport and related matters. To be reimbursed, please save all receipts and used napkins. Make sure everything is itemized and include your mother’s earliest known address. Bring your own pens.

Your presentation will begin at 6:15 AM, and should be roughly 2 hours and 10 minutes long. Allow time for questions and bathroom breaks.

We are absolutely thrilled to have you on our program. We are sure the event will prove unforgettable.

Yours sincerely,
H. Ichabod Ibid, Ph. D.

The Importance of Keeping a Record of Old Cases

September 26, 2009 by ejdissectingroom

The Importance of Keeping a Record of Old Cases
E. J. Wagner

This article originally appeared in the Summer 2009 issue of The Serpentine Muse, a quarterly publication of the Adventuresses of Sherlock Holmes.

I was honored this autumn to be invited to join ASH, and to chose a nom d’aventure. It seemed fitting to choose the investiture name “The Record of Old Cases,” because I keep such records myself. It is a habit I acquired from reading the Canon, and writing about these matters has become my vocation.

Sherlock Holmes, as his many admirers know, kept a comprehensive, alphabetical record of intriguing antiquarian crimes. The Great Detective was well aware that a careful analysis of old cases may serve to illuminate new ones—particularly given the depressing lack of originality demonstrated by the modern criminal. Contemporary criminous events often show unnerving similarities to those of the past.

The lavishly publicized and enthusiastically attended murder trial, of O. J. Simpson for the slaying of his estranged wife Nicole and her friend Ron Goldman, springs to mind. It is inevitable that the Simpson murder would at once recall for a crime historian a similar Massachusetts case—I refer, of course to the Fall River Unpleasantness of 1892.

In the hot August of that year, Miss Lizzie Borden of Fall River suffered the massive embarrassment of having both her father and step-mother murdered in a single morning. As in the Simpson matter, the homicide scene was domestic, the victims male and female, the weapon missing, the wounds vicious, and the suspect both well-known and wealthy. Both trials saw the public riveted, the press ubiquitous, the accused deftly and expensively defended. The defendants achieved both acquittals and the disdain of society, and went on to live unhappily ever after.

In 1983, the disappearance of a young woman named Robin Benedict led to a charge of murder against Dr. William H. Douglas, a professor of anatomy at Tufts University Medical School. Although there was no identified body, there was sufficient biological evidence of homicide in his car for the prosecutors to be confident. Douglas eventually confessed to the killing with a sledge hammer in a sudden burst of passion.

Disciples of Mr. Holmes, familiar with his index of biographies, would at once recognize the parallel to the famous Boston case of 1849, in which a Professor Webster at the Harvard Medical School was charged with the murder of disappeared Dr. George Parkman. Dr. Webster, too, confessed, claiming he killed the victim by striking him with a stick of wood, in an explosive rage.

As I write this in the spring of 2009, a jury considers the fate of a well-known rock music impresario, famous for his highly original coiffures as well as for his innovative recording technique. He stands accused of the murder of a woman who was alone with him when she died of a gunshot wound to her head. The defense, bolstered by an impressive array of forensic specialists, argues that the lady impulsively committed suicide.

This tugs at the memory of connoisseurs of crime—we can picture Mr. Holmes “looking lovingly over the record of old cases” and musing “My collection of M’s is a fine one . . . Morgan the poisoner . . . Merridew of abominable memory . . . Mathews who knocked out my left canine in the waiting room at Charing Cross . . .” and this train of thought of course brings us to the 1926 Merrett case in Scotland.

John Donald Merrett was alone with his mother when she suddenly collapsed with a gunshot wound in her head. Attended by a panoply of famous forensic specialists and attorneys, the young man claimed maternal suicide as a defense. Merrett was rewarded by the charmingly genteel Scottish verdict, “Not Proven.” He went on to live an adventurous life which culminated, amazingly, in his killing his wife and mother-in-law.

It is obvious that a thorough knowledge of old crimes is a most useful thing, and one wonders why criminal history is so sadly neglected by our educational system. I presume the Master would explain, “The world is full of obvious things which nobody by any chance ever observes.”

Welcome to EJ’s Dissecting Room

September 24, 2009 by ejdissectingroom

Book_skull_EJ01w500Welcome to the Dissecting Room (a work in progress) where we investigate historic criminal cases. Crimes of scientific interest, interviews with experts in various forensic specialties, and discussions of related books will be part of the mix. Since a great many things have been against the law at one time or another, we will have a large range of topics, from witchcraft to piracy to homicidal physicians.

An off-topic category called “Wayside Station” will occasionally make an appearance.  “Wayside Station” will feature humorous pieces as well as the odd cartoon. (It’s really hard to survive the forensic world without a good sense of humor.)

And as it is, after all, a personal blog, there will, every so often, be a rant about favorite irritations, such as psychics, astrologers and other purveyors of pseudo-science. This category will be labeled “Beating the Corpse.”

This title of this blog and its category subtitles, were chosen in homage to Mr. Sherlock Holmes, who, courageously overcoming the disadvantage of being fictional, made brilliant and lasting contributions to the scientific study of crime.

As Mr. Holmes is our inspiration, whatever the subject, we shall we shall always vigorously be pursuing verity . . .

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